Gross annual return and annual asset fee are combined multiplicatively: net annual growth = (1 + return) × (1 − fee) − 1. This is converted to an equivalent monthly rate. Contributions are made at the end of each month and rise by 0% after each complete year. Inflation-adjusted ending value divides nominal value by (1 + inflation)^years. The inflation number does not change the nominal chart or nominal return on contributions. Fee drag compares the same contribution schedule with and without the annual fee. Rates are constant scenario assumptions, not a forecast; taxes and withdrawal cash flows are excluded.